ABSTRACT
Abstract Objective: This longitudinal study aimed to verify possible changes in the time spent in sedentary activities occurring as screen-time, educational, cultural, social, and transportation domains in a sample of Brazilian adolescents between 2015 and 2017. Methods: It is a longitudinal prospective study with 586 adolescents from 12 to 15 years old at the Baseline (2015) enrolled in 14 public schools from Curitiba, Brazil. The Adolescent Sedentary Activity Questionnaire assessed the time spent in sedentary activities in five domains (recreational screen-time, educational, cultural, social, and transportation). A series of linear random effects regressions analyzed changes in the sedentary time between 2015 and 2017, with p < .05. Results: Overall, 323 adolescents dropped out of the study resulting in a retention rate of 44.9%. The overall sedentary time remained stable from 2015 to 2017 (-3.98 min/day, 95%CI: -15.39; 7.42). The screen-time decreased (-22.22 min/day, 95%CI: -30.30; -14.15), and educational (8.29 min/day, 95% CI: 3.52; 13.06), cultural (3.41 min/day, 95% CI: 0.66; 6.15) and social sedentary activities (8.20 min/day, 95% CI: 2.06; 14.34) increased from 2015 to 2017. Conclusion: Significant reductions in screen-time were evidenced along with increases in time spent on other sedentary activities of educational, cultural, and social nature.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Sedentary Behavior , Screen Time , Prospective Studies , Follow-Up Studies , Longitudinal StudiesABSTRACT
Abstract The aim was to compare the metabolic risk factors (MRF) between sex, age and socioeconomic status in a sample of adolescents from Curitiba, Brazil. A cross-sectional school-based study was conducted on 997 adolescents (429 boys) aged 12-17 years old from public schools. Total Cholesterol (TC), LDL-c, HDL-c, Triglycerides, Glycemia, Blood Pressure, waist circumference and body mass index were measured. Sex, age and socioeconomic status information was obtained using a questionnaire. Descriptive analyses, Fisher Exact and Chi-Square Tests were used to establish the sample's characteristics and the MRF comparison between variables. We found that 27.4% were classified as overweight/obese, almost half of them had TC and LDL-c classified as limitrophe/altered, with a difference between the sexes (p < 0.01), and that a higher percentage of altered values was seen among girls. The percentage of 3 and 4 or more MRF was 13.8% and 6.3%, respectively. In addition, 86.5% of the participants had at least one and 39.7% had at least two MRF. We conclude that there was a high percentage of overweight/obese, as well as a great number of subjects with altered TC and HDL-c. We also pointed out the large percentage of aggregated metabolic risk factors in both sexes. Strategies to reduce metabolic risk factors are required.
Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi comparar os fatores de risco metabólicos (FRM) entre sexo, idade e nível socioeconômico numa amostra de adolescentes de Curitiba, Brasil. O estudo transversal foi conduzido com 997 adolescentes da rede pública de ensino (429 meninos) com idade entre 12-17 anos. Coletaram-se dados de colesterol total (CT), LDL-c, HDL-c, triglicerídeos, glicemia, pressão arterial, circunferência de cintura e índice de massa corporal. Informações sobre sexo, idade e nível socioeconômico foram coletados por meio de um questionário. Foram utilizadas análises descritivas, teste exato de Fisher e Qui-quadrado. Observou-se que 27,4% foram classificados como sobrepeso/obeso, quase metade com CT e LDL-c limítrofes/alterados, com uma diferença entre os sexos (p < 0,01) e uma proporção maior entre as meninas. Verificou-se que as proporções de 3 e 4 ou mais FRM foram 13,8% e 6,3%, respectivamente. Adicionalmente, 86,5% e 39,7% dos adolescentes demonstraram ao menos um e dois FRM, respectivamente. Conclui-se que houve um elevado percentual de sobrepeso/obeso, assim como um grande número de sujeitos com CT e HDL-s alterados. Verificou-se um grande percentual de agregação de FRM em ambos os sexos. São necessárias estratégias para reduzir esses fatores de risco nessa fase da vida.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Overweight/epidemiology , Waist Circumference/physiology , Pediatric Obesity/epidemiology , Lipids/blood , Socioeconomic Factors , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Blood Pressure/physiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Body Mass Index , Sex Factors , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Risk Factors , Age FactorsABSTRACT
RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar a influência da prática de atividade física e/ou esportes na geometria óssea de crianças e adolescentes saudáveis. Fonte de dados: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática, utilizando como referência o método Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Foram utilizadas as bases de buscas PubMed, Biblioteca Regional de Medicina/Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (BIREME/LILACS) e Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), para levantamento de artigos publicados de 2006 a 2016, e os seguintes descritores: "Bone geometry" AND (Sport* OR Exercise* OR "Physical Activity"). Síntese dos dados: Após a seleção, foram incluídos 21 artigos. A maioria dos estudos demonstrou que a prática de atividade física e/ou esportes foi benéfica do ponto de vista da geometria e densidade mineral óssea; apenas dois estudos apresentaram valores dos parâmetros ósseos dos indivíduos controles melhores do que os praticantes de natação. As atividades físicas e esportes encontrados foram: ginástica artística (n=7), ginástica rítmica (n=2), tênis (n=1), futebol (n=3), capoeira (n=1), natação (n=4), ciclismo (n=1), atividades com saltos (n=2), estudos relacionando atividade física com pico de torque isocinético (n=1), atividade física em geral, tempo presente ou passado, mensurado por questionário (n=4) e aulas adicionais de educação física (n=2). Conclusões: Dentre os esportes e atividades físicas encontradas, a ginástica, o futebol e a prática de atividade física mais intensa avaliada por questionário resultaram em geometria óssea melhor em comparação à não prática de atividade física, enquanto que a natação e exercícios de saltos não influenciaram a geometria óssea. Portanto, atividades esportivas com sobrecarga corporal, avaliadas como mais intensas e mais frequentes, exercem efeito benéfico sobre a geometria óssea.
ABSTRACT Objective: To perform a systematic review on the practice of physical activity and/or sports in health and its influence on bone geometry of healthy children and adolescents. Data source: The method used as reference was the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Databases searched for articles published from 2006 to 2016, with "Bone geometry" AND (Sport* OR Exercise* OR "Physical Activity") as descriptors, were PubMed, BIREME/LILACS and SciELO. Data syntheses: After the selection, 21 articles were included. Most studies stated that practice of physical activity and/or sports was beneficial for bone geometry and bone mineral density. Only two studies presented values of bone parameters for control individuals better than those of swimmers. Physical activities and sports studied were: gymnastics (n=7), rhythmic gymnastics (n=2), tennis (n=1), soccer (n=3), capoeira (n=1), swimming (n=4), cycling (n=0), jumping activities (n=2), studies relating physical activity with isokinetic peak torque (n=1), physical activity measured by questionnaire (n=4), and additional physical education classes (n=2). Conclusions: Among the sports and physical activities found, gymnastics, soccer, and more intense physical activity assessed by questionnaires were mentioned along with better results in bone geometry compared to the absence of physical activity, whereas swimming and jumping exercises did not influence it. Therefore, sports activities with weight bearing and those practiced more frequently and intensively are beneficial for bone geometry.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Sports , Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology , Exercise , Bone DensityABSTRACT
Abstract Aim: To ascertain the effects of an after-school intervention on physical activity levels and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents from Campinas, Brazil. Methods: This was an intervention study with 71 adolescents that was carried out in two schools, randomly assigned to a control group (CG:n=45) or an intervention group (IG:n=26). We performed evaluations of body composition, sexual maturation, blood pressure, level of physical activity, sedentary time (ST), and eating habits, as well as biochemical variables by a portable analyzer. The IG participated in two weekly sessions of physical activities and controlled physical exercises for 14 weeks. The sessions lasted 60', and were divided into warm-up (5-10'), main part (40-50'), and recovery (5-10'). Results: 30.8% of the IG and 24.4% of the CG were classified as overweight/obese. Additionally, the IG showed significantly lower ST (total: p=0.037; daily: p=0.009) after the intervention, as well as in the post-period (total ST: p=0.043; daily ST: p=0.007). The IG showed a reduction in glycemia (p=0.025). Conclusion: The intervention program generated positive changes in glycemia levels and ST. These results suggest that interventions involving physical exercise should be promoted in the school environment, as physical activity is an important component of a healthy lifestyle.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Body Composition , Exercise , Risk Factors , Feeding Behavior , Sedentary BehaviorABSTRACT
Identificar a associação da atividade física (AF) com a agregação dos fatores de risco metabólicos em adolescentes de Curitiba, Paraná. Participaram do estudo 162 adolescentes (64 meninos). Foram avaliados os níveis de AF (por meio de acelerômetros), o perfil metabólico (glicêmico e lipídico) e antropométrico (circunferência de cintura). Calculou-se Escores Z para cada fator de risco e a soma destes escores categorizou o Escore de Risco Metabólico (ERM). Para análise estatística, utilizou-se da correlação de Spearman e do teste de Kruskal-Wallis adotando p<0,05. Os resultados demonstram quea AF relacionou-se inversamente com os valores de Triglicerídeos (r=-0,217, p<0,05), Colesterol Total (r=-0,243, p<0,05), LDL-C (r=-0,211, p<0,05) e ERM (r=-0,269, p<0,01) nas meninas. Meninas do grupo de maior nível de AF apresentaram menores valores de Colesterol Total e ERM em comparaçãoàs do grupo de baixo nível de AF (p<0,01). Conclui-se que a prática de AF favoreceu o melhor perfil metabólico nas meninas.
The purpose was to identify the association between physical activity (PA) and clustering of metabolic risk factors in adolescents from Curitiba, Parana. As methods, 162 adolescents (64 boys) composed the sample. PA levels (through accelerometers) and metabolic (glucose and lipid) and anthropometric (waist circumference) profiles were assessed. Z scores were calculated for each risk factor and the sum of these scores categorized the Metabolic Risk Score (MRS). For statistical analysis, we used the Spearman rank correlation and the Kruskal-Wallis test, considering p <0.05. The results shows PA was inversely related with Triglycerides (r=-0.217, p<0.05), Total Cholesterol (r=-0.243, p<0.05), LDL-C (r=-0.211, p <0.05) and MRS (r = -0.269, p<0.01) in girls. Girls grouped at highest level of PA had lower values of Total Cholesterol and MRS compared to the low level group of PA (p<0.01). In conclusion the practice of PA favored the better metabolic profile in girls.
ABSTRACT
Abstract The aim of this study was to systematically review studies on intervention programs involving physical activity promotion and/or nutritional education to reduce health-related risk factors (overweight/obesity and metabolic profilealterations) in Brazilian adolescent students. A search was performed in the following electronic databases: Medline (PubMed), Lilacs, Embase, Scielo and Capes Thesis Database. A total of 1,568 studies were identified, of which 21 full papers were analyzed and 5 were included in the systematic review. The majority of the studies involved physical activity practice combined with nutritional education in Brazilian adolescent students and all interventions showed positive effect on reducing health-related risk factors among Brazilian adolescents.It was concluded that all studies included in this review showed positive alterations in health-related risk factors after interventions, reinforcing the importance of intervention programs to promote a healthier lifestyle and reduce health-related risk factors in adolescents.
Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi realizar uma revisão sistemática sobre os programas de intervenção, com ações de atividades físicas e/ou educação nutricional, na redução de fatores de risco à saúde (sobrepeso/obesidade e alterações no perfil metabólico), em adolescentes escolares brasileiros. Foi realizada busca nas bases de dados eletrônicas Medline (PubMed), Lilacs, Embase, Scielo e Banco de Teses da Capes. Identificaram-se 1.568 estudos e 21 textos completos foram analisados, dos quais, cinco foram incluídos na revisão. A maioria dos estudos envolveu a prática de atividades físicas combinada à educação nutricional em diferentes regiões do país e todas as intervenções mostraram efeitos positivos na redução de fatores de risco à saúde. Conclui-se que todos os estudos nesta revisão demonstraram alterações positivas após as intervenções, mesmo que não significativas estatisticamente, reforçando a importância de programas de intervenção para a promoção de uma vida mais saudável e para reduzir os fatores de risco à saúde, em adolescentes.
ABSTRACT
Objetivo: Verificar a associação dos níveis de atividade física e dos hábitos alimentares com os perfis antropométrico e lipídico em adolescentes de Curitiba, Paraná. Métodos: Coletou-se colesterol total, LDL-c, HDL-c, triglicerídeos, IMC, e verificou-se nível socioeconômico (NSE), atividade física, comportamento sedentário e frequência alimentar de 572 jovens. Para estatísticas descritivas e regressão logística binária, utilizou-se o SPSS 17.0. Resultados: Os meninos foram mais ativos que as meninas e estas apresentaram mais chances de terem níveis de colesterol e LDL-c alterados, respectivamente 67% e 53%. Observou-se associação entre o NSE alto e elevados níveis de triglicerídeos (p<0,05). Os indivíduos classificados no segundo e terceiro quartis da atividade física moderada a vigorosa apresentaram maiores chances de ter HDL-c alterado, comparado ao primeiro quartil. Conclusão: As meninas apresentaram perfil metabólico menos favorável que os meninos, além disso, existe uma associação entre a AFMV e os níveis de HDL-c.
Objectives: To verify the association of physical activity and eating habits with the anthropometric and lipid profiles among adolescents from Curitiba, Paraná. Methods: The variables collected were total cholesterol, LDL-c, HDL-c, triglycerides, BMI, socioeconomic status (SES), physical activity, sedentary behavior and eating frequency. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression were realized by SPSS 17.0. Results: Boys were more physically active than girls, and girls had 67% and 53% more chance of having elevated cholesterol and LDL-c, respectively. We observed an association between high SES and elevated triglycerides (p<0.05). Who is classified into the second and third moderate to vigorous physical activity level quartiles is more susceptible of having altered HDL-c comparing to first quartile. Conclusion: Girls had a metabolic profile less favorable than boys, and there is a significantly association between MVPA level and HDL-c.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Body Composition , Diet , Socioeconomic Factors , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Lipid Metabolism , Feeding BehaviorABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to establish the association between sedentary behavior and the anthropometric and metabolic profiles within a sample group of 572 adolescents from public schools in the city of Curitiba, State of Paraná, Brazil. Approximately 8 ml of blood was drawn to measure total cholesterol (TC), LDL-c, HDL-c, triglycerides, and glucose. Stature and body mass were measured to calculate the body mass index. Information about the subjects' socioeconomic status, physical activity level, sedentary behavior, eating frequency, as well as personal information was obtained through questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, measures of central tendency and percentage score, and Binary Logistic Regression were used to obtain the odds ratio with a CI of 95% and p<0.05. Half of the girls had TC levels classified as borderline or altered, and total screen time presented a significant association between the metabolic variables analyzed in the study. We conclude that girls had TC levels less favorable than that of the boys and that screen time is associated with some metabolic variables.
O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a associação entre o comportamento sedentário e o perfil antropométrico e metabólico em uma amostra de adolescentes de Curitiba, Paraná. Participaram da pesquisa 572 adolescentes da rede pública de ensino. Coletou-se aproximadamente 8 ml de sangue para determinar o colesterol total (CT), lipoproteína de baixa densidade, lipoproteína de alta densidade, triglicerídeos e glicemia. Mensurou-se a estatura e massa corporal para cálculo do índice de massa corporal. Obteve-se dados sobre informações pessoais, nível socioeconômico, nível de atividade física, comportamento sedentário e frequência alimentar através de questionários auto preenchidos. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva, medidas de tendência central e proporção, e a Regressão Logística Binária para obtenção do razão de chances com intervalo de confiança de 95% e p<0,05. Metade das moças apresentou alterações no CT e houve uma associação positiva significativa entre o tempo total de tela e as variáveis metabólicas avaliadas no estudo. Conclui-se que as meninas mostraram valores de CT menos favorável que os rapazes e, existe uma correlação entre o tempo de tela e algumas variáveis metabólicas.
El objetivo fue investigar la asociación entre el comportamiento sedentario y el perfil antropométrico y metabólico en adolescentes en la ciudad de Curitiba, Paraná. Los participantes fueron 572 adolescentes matriculados en las escuelas públicas. Se recogieron 8 ml de sangre para determinar el colesterol total (CT), LDL-c, HDL-c, triglicéridos y glucosa. Se midió la altura y el peso para calcular el índice de masa corporal. Los datos sobre la información personal, el nivel socioeconómico, el nivel de actividad física, el sedentarismo y el consumo alimentario se recogieron a través de cuestionarios auto-completados. Se empleó la estadística descriptiva, medidas de tendencia central y de proporción, y la regresión logística binaria para obtener la odds ratio con intervalo de confianza del 95% y p<0,05. La mitad de las chicas tenían el colesterol alto y existe una asociación positiva significativa entre el tiempo total de pantalla y las variables metabólicas evaluadas en el estudio. Llegamos a la conclusión de que las chicas presentan el CT menos favorable que los niños y el tiempo total de pantalla corresponde a las variables metabólicas.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Body Weights and Measures , Cholesterol, HDL/blood , Cholesterol, LDL/blood , Cholesterol, VLDL/bloodABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to assess the validity and reproducibility of a self-report questionnaire on sedentary behavior (Adolescent Sedentary Activity Questionnaire: ASAQ) among Brazilian adolescents. The sample consisted of 122 adolescents (62 females) aged between 12 and 17 years. ASAQ was developed and validated for adolescents in Australia (Hardy et al, 2007), and for its use in Brazil a transcultural adaptation to Portuguese was done, followed by an assessment of ASAQ's contents by experts. Then, ASAQ was administered within schools, on a typical school day, followed by a retest administration four days later. Total sedentary time was calculated for weekdays and weekends. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and confidence interval (CI95%) were calculated for both sexes. QASA (acronym for ASAQ Portuguese version) has 13 questions divided into five categories: screen recreation, educational, transportation, cultural activities, and social activities. ICC for total time spent on sedentary behavior was 0,88 (CI95%=0.82-0.91) for weekdays, and 0,77 (CI95%= 0.68-0.84) for weekends. Between categories of sedentary behavior, ICC values varied from 0.75 (CI95%=0.65-0.83) for transportation to 0.94 (CI95%=0.92-0.96) for screen recreation on weekdays, and from 0.40 (CI95%=0.15-0.58) for transportation to 0.90 (CI95%=0.86-0.93) for screen recreation on weekends. In general, ASAQ had a satisfactory reproducibility for the assessment of sedentary behaviors among young people in Brazil.
O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a validade e reprodutibilidade do questionário para avaliar comportamentos sedentários em adolescentes (ASAQ), no Brasil. A amostra foi composta por 122 adolescentes (62 meninas), entre 12 e 17 anos. O questionário ASAQ foi desenvolvido e validado para adolescentes na Austrália, (Hardy et al., 2007) e, para a sua utilização no Brasil, realizou-se a adaptação transcultural para a língua portuguesa e, em seguida, a avaliação do conteúdo das questões contidas no questionário por especialistas. Após essa primeira etapa, realizou-se a aplicação do instrumento no interior de escolas, num dia típico de aula e a reaplicação após quatro dias. O tempo total sedentário foi calculado para dias da semana e para os dias do final de semana. O coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI) e os intervalos de confiança (IC-95%) foram calculados para ambos os sexos. O questionário na versão brasileira (QASA) contém 13 questões, divididas em cinco aspectos, sendo eles: recreação por meio de tela, educacional, transporte, atividades culturais e sociais. Encontrou-se um CCI de 0,88 (IC-95%=0,82-0,91) para o tempo total sedentário durante a semana e 0,77 (IC-95%= 0,68-0,84) para o final de semana. Entre os aspectos, observou-se que os CCI variaram entre 0,75 (IC-95%=0,65-0,83) para o Transporte a 0,94 (IC-95%=0,92-0,96) para Recreação em tela, nos dias da semana e, 0,40 (IC-95%=0,15-0,58) para o Transporte a 0,90 (IC-95%=0,86-0,93) para Recreação em tela nos dias de final de semana. Pode-se concluir que o QASA demonstrou evidências de reprodutibilidade satisfatórias para utilização no Brasil.